Description
大清雍正 鸡油黄料器五福捧寿纹花觚
對於琉璃(玻璃),中國因為受到八千年玉文化的影響,對近似玉料質感的琉璃,也偏愛泛玉質溫潤感的不透明涅琉璃,因此如黃玉般的涅黃琉璃、像羊脂白玉般的涅白琉璃,最受中國皇帝所寵愛,與西方崇尚透明質感的玻璃文化,在主觀的審美標準上,處在完全不同的立基點,因而創造出別具中國特色的涅琉璃;加上將雕玉技術直接套用在琉璃的加工與切刻上,創造出被稱為「乾隆玻璃」的「色上加色」的套料琉璃;如果是『雞油黃的套料琉璃』,更家珍貴,幾乎可稱為最具中國特色的皇家玻璃。
早在康熙卅五(1696)年,康熙皇帝即敕令建立造辦處玻璃廠。至雍正二(1724)年二月初四,史載:怡親王交呆黃(即涅黃)玻璃瓶一件,奉旨此樣甚好,嗣後燒造玻璃瓶,俱照此樣燒造,欽此。
至乾隆元年至卅年間的清朝玻璃生產最鼎盛的時期,在所生產的三十多種單色玻璃之中,屬於黃色系的就有:淡黃、深黃、雄黃、檸檬黃、正黃、雞油黃等名稱,稱得上區分最細膩的顏色。
其中,雞油黃料色呈正黃色,光澤晶瑩,溫潤凝重,拋光之後,似被酥油浸透,嬌豔欲滴,是從乾隆時期開始生產的色料,又稱為御黃色,玻璃生產重鎮的山東博山人,另外給她取了個更具形像描述的「雞油黃」名稱。
雞油黃自清中期出現以來,由於近於皇帝專用的明(正)黃色,所以在她一問世之後,就成為皇室的專寵與專用,加上她在生產過程中的變數很大,需在玻璃色料中加入乳濁劑,配料中含有較高的鉛、砷成分,在熔煉過程中有瞬間成色的特性,使得燒成的溫度難以掌握,即使是同樣的配方、同樣的工藝、同樣的師傅,成功燒製的比率不過三成,甚至更低。再經過精挑細選、精雕細琢,一件顏色純正、油光泛溢、溫潤如玉、沁人心脾的純正“雞油黃料器”才能問世。
在民國之前,雞油黃料器的配方和熔煉技術,都由清宮玻璃廠獨家掌握。民國成立,清廷退位,雞油黃料器的生產也停滯了一段時間,後來在博山鴻升東業主周之渭的苦心鑽研,花費了五畝地的資產投入研發之後,才重新掌握「雞油黃」的煉製技巧。由於價格比照黃玉,十分昂貴,在暢銷海內外之後,鴻升東業主獲得很大的利潤。
大陆建國以後,因為戰亂又停造了一段時間,直到1971年,中共外貿部要求博山美術美術玻璃廠恢復雞油黃料的生產,至1972年產製成功,再次在廣交會(中國進出口商品交易會)上引起轟動。
参考:佳士得
5月 21日 – 5月 28日 2020年 | 网上拍卖 19566
中国艺术
拍品 57
清乾隆或更晚 珊瑚红地描金开光蝶纹瓶一对
SALE 19566
The Art of China Online
LOT 57
A PAIR OF CORAL-GROUND AND GILT-DECORATED HEXAGONAL VASES
QIANLONG IMPRESSED SIX-CHARACTER SEAL MARK AND POSSIBLY OF THE PERIOD
Estimate: GBP 2,000 – GBP 3,000 (USD 2,520 – USD 3,780)
Price Realised: GBP 2,250
LOT HAS ENDED
Each vase is moulded with vertical panels of butterflies and archaistic scroll separated by a bulbous midsection decorated with further bats.
83⁄8 in. (21.2 cm.) high
参考:佳士得
拍賣 2831
妙色瑩然 – 舒思深伉儷珍藏宮廷御製藝術精品
香港|2010年12月1日
拍品2932 清乾隆 御製橘紅料刻蓮紋瓶 雙方框《乾隆年製》楷書刻款
A RARE IMPERIAL CARVED OPAQUE ORANGE GLASS PEAR-SHAPED VASE
QIANLONG ENGRAVED FOUR-CHARACTER MARK WITHIN A DOUBLE-SQUARE AND OF THE PERIOD (1736-1795)
成交總額
HKD 1,460,000
估價
HKD 600,000 – HKD 800,000
清乾隆 御製橘紅料刻蓮紋瓶 雙方框《乾隆年製》楷書刻款
瓶唇口,長頸,溜肩,垂腹,圈足。通體橘紅地,不透明。頸飾四組花草拐子紋,頸肩處兩道弦紋中飾回紋,腹部四面開光,開光內刻蓮花,開光間上下均飾如意雲頭四個,圈足外環飾花草紋四組。圈足雙方框內刻「乾隆年製」楷書款。
此器胎體厚重,造型規整,琢磨圓熟,係仿漆器中之精品。乾隆玻璃製作承前啟後,在延續前朝傳統之同時,亦注入新的元素。據活計檔案記載,雍正五年皇帝已下旨製作仿漆料器,此器在前朝製作的基礎上再加入本朝的特色浮雕,製成了如此精品。
此器1995年於三藩市亞洲藝術博物館舉辦之《A Chorus of Colors – Chinese Glass from Three American Collections》展出,並著錄於展覽目錄圖版91號;也著錄於1994年香港出版《盈寸纖妍.瑪麗及佐治伯樂鼻煙壺珍藏》展覽目錄第49頁,圖5。
來源
Alvin Lo & Co.
文獻及展覽
文獻
C.F. Shangraw, “Reflections on the Qing Imperial Glasshouse (1696-1911)”, The George and Mary Bloch Collection of Chinese Snuff Bottles, Hong Kong, 1994, p. 49, fig. 5
C.F. Shangraw and C. Brown, A Chorus of Colors: Chinese Glass from Three American Collections, Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, 1995, no. 91
拍品專文
The present vase with its unusual colour is a rare example of the glass wares produced by the Imperial workshops in imitation of lacquer, and most probably dates to the early Qianlong period. In an article by Zhong Rong, Researcher at the Beijing Palace Museum, published in Zhongguo Zhiyun, April 2010, Mufangxi, The Elegance of Imitation, the author states that as early as the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727) there is written record of the Courts request to make glass vessels in imitation of lacquered chrysanthemum dishes of the Ming dynasty Jiajing period in 15 to 20 different colours.
参考:佳士得
拍賣 2689 中國瓷器及工藝精品
紐約|2013年3月21日 – 22日
拍品1414 清十八/十九世紀 雞油黃料螭龍鋪首紋觚
18TH/19TH CENTURY
成交總額
USD 9,375
估價
USD 10,000 – USD 15,000
清十八/十九世紀 雞油黃料螭龍鋪首紋觚
來源
John Boehme, La Jolla, California, 8 December 1977.
Barney and Emma Dagan Collection, Los Angeles, California.
文獻及展覽
文獻
Ursula Roberts, “The Pacific Asia Museum, Pasadena, California,” Arts of Asia, August, 1980, vol. 10, p. 53.
展覽
The Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara Collects – Part II, 6 April -12 May 1985.
On loan: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, January 1998 – January 1999.
参考:佳士得 拍卖 10416中国陶瓷、工艺精品与纺织品伦敦南肯辛顿|2015年5月12日浏览拍卖 拍品344A PAIR OF YELLOW GLASS VASES 20TH CENTURY
成交总额
GBP 3,000
估价
GBP 1,500 – GBP 2,500
A PAIR OF YELLOW GLASS VASES
20TH CENTURY
Each vase has a large trumpet-form neck and is carved to the exterior with flowering magnolia and prunus branches which twist and extend around the sides. There are various birds flying or perched amongst the branches.
12 ½ in. (31.8 cm.) high, wood stands
来源
With P.C. Lu, Hong Kong.
Property from the Geronimo Berenguer de los Reyes, Jr. Collection.
参考: 佳士得 拍卖 3320 紫阙琳琅 – 美国精粹收藏珍品 香港|2014年5月28日 拍品2917 清乾隆 黄料香炉 A FINE AND VERY RARE IMPERIAL YELLOW GLASS CENSER QIANLONG INCISED FOUR-CHARACTER MARK WITHIN DOUBLE SQUARES AND OF THE PERIOD (1736-1795)
成交总额
HKD 4,600,000
估价
HKD 1,800,000 – HKD 2,500,000
A FINE AND VERY RARE IMPERIAL YELLOW GLASS CENSER
QIANLONG INCISED FOUR-CHARACTER MARK WITHIN DOUBLE SQUARES AND OF THE PERIOD (1736-1795)
The censer is of compressed globular form, rising from a short foot to a waisted neck and slightly flared rim, the shoulders flanked by a pair of loop handles. The metal is of a bright opaque egg-yolk yellow tone.
5 1/8 in. (13 cm.) across
来源
Edward T. Chow Collection
Sold at Sotheby’s Hong Kong, 25 April 2004, lot 139
拍品专文
Yellow glass vessels are very rare due to their strict restriction for imperial usage, but this censer is all the more unusual owing to its shape with a ring foot, in imitation of archaic bronze gui, rather than the tripod shape more commonly seen among most other examples. Compare for example to a yellow glass censer supported on three feet, also bearing a Qianlong mark in double squares, in the Andrew K.F. Lee Collection, illustrated in Elegance and Radiance, The Art Museum, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000, no. 54.
Two glass garniture sets each including a Qianlong-marked censer of similar size, a paste box and a vase, of opaque blue and pink colours, from the Beijing Palace Museum, are illustrated in Luster of Autumn Water. Glss of the Qing Imperial Workshop, Beijing, 2005, pls. 117 and 118.
Compare also to two opaque turquoise glass tripod censers, one formerly in the Shorenstein Collection and sold at Christie’s Hong Kong, December 2010, lot 2919; the other sold at Christie’s Hong Kong, May 2013, lot 2310.
参考: 佳士得 拍卖 3320 紫阙琳琅 – 美国精粹收藏珍品 香港|2014年5月28日 拍品2917 清乾隆 黄料香炉 A FINE AND VERY RARE IMPERIAL YELLOW GLASS CENSER QIANLONG INCISED FOUR-CHARACTER MARK WITHIN DOUBLE SQUARES AND OF THE PERIOD (1736-1795)
参考:纽约大都会博物馆 清 鸡油黄料器荷叶纹碗 Bowl in the shape of a lotus leaf
late 18th–early 19th century
China
Known as “chicken fat,” the translucent yellow color of this bowl is rare. It is shaped like a lotus and embellished with carved decoration that provides a continuous scene of lotus blossoms, pods, and leaves. A lotus is another example of the word play common in Chinese art: a bunch of lotuses is a rebus for firm roots and luxuriant branches (bengu zhirong), an allusion to good wishes for a flourishing business.
On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 219
Object Details
Period:Qing dynasty (1644–1911)
Date:late 18th–early 19th century
Culture:China
Medium:Glass with carved and incised decoration
Dimensions:H. 2 3/4 in. (7 cm); Diam. 6 in. (15.2 cm); Diam. of rim 6 1/2 in. (16.5 cm)
Classification:Glass
Credit Line:Purchase, Barbara and William Karatz Gift, in honor of James C. Y. Watt, 2014
Accession Number:2014.254
Provenance
[ Asiantiques , Winter Park, FL, until 2014; sold to MMA]
Timeline of Art History
Timelines
Central and North Asia, 1600-1800 A.D.
Central and North Asia, 1800-1900 A.D.
China, 1600-1800 A.D.
China, 1800-1900 A.D.
参考: 佳士得香港有限公司 > 2019年春季拍卖会 > 浮生闲趣
LOT号: 2952 明十五/十六世纪 铜仿古饕餮纹方觚
拍品信息
作者 — 尺寸 高22.5cm
作品分类 工艺品杂项>铜器 创作年代 明十五/十六世纪
估价 HKD 100,000-150,000
成交价
RMB 97,200 HKD 112,500USD 14,400EUR 11,250
专场 浮生闲趣 拍卖时间 2019-05-29
拍卖公司 佳士得香港有限公司 拍卖会 2019年春季拍卖会
说明 参考未了情园旧藏 — 相似方觚例子,2014年10月8日于香港苏富比拍卖,拍品3352号。
参考:香港蘇富比拍卖有限公司 > 2014秋季拍卖会 > 重要中国瓷器及工艺品
LOT号: 3670 清17/18世纪 黄玉仿古兽面纹六方觚
拍品信息
作者 — 尺寸 18.8cm
作品分类 玉石器>玉石器其它 创作年代 清17/18世纪
估价 HKD 2,500,000-3,000,000
成交价
RMB 5,537,000 HKD 7,000,000USD 896,000EUR 700,000
专场 重要中国瓷器及工艺品 拍卖时间 2014-10-08
拍卖公司 香港蘇富比拍卖有限公司 拍卖会 2014秋季拍卖会
说明
来源:香港佳士得2003年10月27日,编号826
此器精雕细琢,饰饕餮纹,辅变形蝉纹。玉质光亮润洁,材硕大,几近无瑕,色泽饱满浓厚。黄玉之黄,宫廷之色,清廷甚钟爱之。
觚者,青铜古器。清帝皆尚古品,倾力着造,所制之觚,或出戟,或无戟,见各类材质、纹样、制式之品,如铜、掐丝珐琅、瓷、玉等。雍正朝绘《古玩图》手卷,图中见一六方出戟玉觚,手卷现藏伦敦维多利亚与艾尔伯特博物馆,展于《盛世华章》,皇家艺术学院,伦敦,2006年,图版169。
可参考一白玉觚例,雕饰相类,德安堂收藏,展于《玉缘》,故宫博物院,北京,2004年,图版126。另见一例,R.W. Cooper 少校收藏,曾售于伦敦佳士得1963年4月24日,编号24及2008年11月4日,编号13。亦见一出戟饕餮纹六方例,售于纽约佳士得2012年3月23日,编号1939。再比一例,雕饰相类,藏台北国立故宫博物院,展《宫廷之雅:清代仿古及画意玉器特展图录》,台北,1997年,图版11。